REPOSITORIO UARM

El Repositorio Institucional de la UARM reúne, conserva y difunde en acceso abierto la producción académica, científica e institucional de su comunidad universitaria, contribuyendo a la visibilidad e impacto de la investigación

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Access status: Metadata only ,
Toward interregional innovation systems in Peru
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022) Bazán Borja, Mario Francisco
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and interpret the effect of governmental financial support to generate knowledge-based collaborations between actors in cross-border regions for the design of mission-oriented policies to improve the regionalization process taking into account the interregional innovation systems in Peru. Design/methodology/approach: Innovation systems, social network analysis and mission-oriented policies contribute to analyze links between border subnational territories and to build strategies toward interregional innovation systems. Findings: A total of 5 out of 18 possible regional interactions are strong enough to be considered interregional innovation systems. Thus, mission-oriented policies may be designed to strengthen ties between regions. Research limitations/implications: As the amount of data observed is not large enough, this study and its outcomes must be considered an exploratory exercise. Originality/value: Innovation policy design based on the Peruvian context and evidence opens opportunities to rethink regionalization processes in the country.
Access status: Metadata only ,
Crafting a colony: Geochemical insights into 1000 years of state craft in the Moquegua Valley, Peru
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Chacaltana Cortez, Sofía Consuelo; Sharratt, Nicola; Ryan Williams, Patrick; Nash, Donna J.; Wackett, Joshua
The long-distance movement of craft items and ideas about their manufacture contribute to imperial projects; facilitating the dissemination of ideologies, serving as tribute, and acting as media for actors to assert affinity with elites and for elites to reward subjects. We interrogate how pottery production and distribution were influenced and involved in different imperial strategies over approximately 1000 years in one Andean valley. Attractive to colonizing polities for its agricultural potential, the Moquegua Valley was first incorporated into expansive states during the Middle Horizon (500–1000 CE) when both the Wari and Tiwanaku established provincial enclaves there. In the 15th century, the valley was subject to Inka colonization. A century later, it was Spanish imperialism that shaped Moquegua’s sociopolitical dynamics. Despite this recurrent pattern of conquest and incorporation, the nature of these incursions likely varied. The elemental data discussed here were generated through LA-ICP-MS on ceramics excavated from archaeological sites that span this millennium of imperialism; they include ceramic material associated with all four political incursions as well as the four centuries long Late Intermediate Period (LIP) when Moquegua was not under the influence of external state authority. Coupled with a robust compositional database of clays that facilitates distinguishing imported ceramics and also the exploitation of different resources within the valley, the data from Moquegua present an opportunity to a) reconstruct a diachronic picture of resource acquisition, the organization of production, and participation in local, regional, and long distance exchange networks and b) interrogate similarities and differences in how craft was implicated in diverse strategies of statecraft. The elemental data suggest that crafting activities were configured in different ways for each of the four expansive polities in Moquegua. As such these data add weight to recent scholarship that argues that crafting activities in contexts of imperialism cannot be reduced to simple models. Additionally, the data from the LIP contribute to comparative dialogue on production and exchange during periods of political localism, and illustrate the ways in which crafting activities participate in intercommunity dynamics during periods of social turmoil.
Access status: Open Access ,
Socioeconomic factors determining the production of smallholder farmers of organic quinoa in the Peruvian Andes
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2026) Yauris Quispe, Nelida; Mercado, Waldemar; Galindo-Sánchez, Malú Massiel; Mamani, Camilo; Sotomayor, Diego A.; Amanca Huaraca, Eliet
Organic quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild) cultivation embodies a holistic agricultural approach, integrating biological fertilizers to curtail reliance on insecticides and synthetic fertilizers and low levels of greenhouse gases. The objective of this paper was to identify the socioeconomic factors that determine smallholder farmer organic quinoa production. The socioeconomic factors of organic quinoa farmer in the district of San Jerónimo, Apurímac in Southern Peru associated with five groups of organic quinoa farmers. Primary data were collected from 109 smallholder farmers belonging to quinoa producers' associations, using a non-experimental and cross-sectional study design, that was analyzed with descriptive, correlational statistics and a logistic regression method involving the evaluation of 13 independent variables. Motivational factors are identified through the application of a qualitative and quantitative sequence of mixed methods design. The results show that high price is the most important explanatory variable, and it is also the one that smallholders primarily consider when cultivating organic quinoa. The second most important variables motivating such farmers are social factors, mainly those related to health benefits, food quality and lastly environmental benefits. The variables: quinoa income, distance to the land, membership in an association, technical assistance and mixed (own and hired) labor had an inverse relationship with organic quinoa production while land ownership had a positive but less significant effect on the production of organic quinoa (p < 0.1). In conclusion, organic quinoa producers are primarily influenced by financial reasons, followed by considerations of sustainability and the desire to obtain healthy, pesticide-free food for self-consumption. These findings of important factors in the adoption of organic agriculture by producer associations and the motivational aspects found for its continued production could be considered in agricultural policy proposals in the face of a world with greater demands for food and environmental protection.
Access status: Open Access ,
Impaired spatial working memory and reduced hippocampal neuronal density in a rat model of neurocysticercosis
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Carrión Durand, Daniel Jesús; Baquedano, Laura E.; Bernal, Edson G.; Delgado, Ana D.; Gavidia, Cesar M.; Kirwan, Daniela E.; Gilman, Robert H.; Verastegui, Manuela R.
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic disease affecting the nervous system and is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide, as well as cognitive impairment, especially affecting memory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NCC on spatial working memory and its correlation with hippocampal neuronal density, in a rat model of NCC. This experimental study was conducted on female (n = 60) and male (n = 73) Holtzman rats. NCC was induced by intracranial inoculation of T. solium oncospheres in 14 day-old-rats. Spatial working memory was assessed using the T-maze test at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-inoculation, and sensorimotor evaluation was performed at 12 months post-inoculation. Hippocampal neuronal density was evaluated by immunostaining of NeuN-positive cells of the CA1 region. Of the rats inoculated with T. solium oncospheres, 87.2% (82/94) developed NCC. The study showed a significant decline in spatial working memory over a 1-year follow-up period in rats experimentally infected with NCC. Males showed an early decline that started at 3 months, while females demonstrated it at 9 months. Additionally, a decrease in neuronal density was observed in the hippocampus of NCC-infected rats, with a more significant reduction in rats with cysts in the hippocampus than in rats with cysts in other brain areas and control rats. This rat model of NCC provides valuable support for the relationship between neurocysticercosis and spatial working memory deficits. Further investigations are required to determine the mechanisms involved in cognitive impairment and establish the basis for future treatments.
Access status: Embargo ,
Identidad vocacional en estudiantes que cambiaron de carrera en una universidad privada
(Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, 2026) Mercado Zagaceta, Josue Angello; Maguiña Lorbés, María Eugenia
El estudio aborda la identidad vocacional en estudiantes que cambiaron de carrera en una universidad privada. Su propósito fue describir la construcción de la identidad vocacional en estos estudiantes. La investigación se realizó en una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron diez estudiantes de dicha universidad. La técnica utilizada fue la entrevista y el instrumento de recolección de datos fue la guía de entrevista. El procesamiento de datos consistió en el análisis de las respuestas obtenidas. Como principal hallazgo se encontró que la elección inicial de carrera suele estar influenciada por presiones familiares y sociales, en un contexto de exploración vocacional limitada. El cambio de carrera emerge como un proceso de reevaluación crítica. En este proceso, la falta de coherencia entre la formación elegida, los valores personales y el desarrollo de talentos actúa como catalizador. La transición exitosa se ve favorecida por la flexibilidad del compromiso, la capacidad de autorregulación del estudiante y el apoyo tanto familiar como institucional. La principal conclusión es que la identidad vocacional se configura de manera dinámica y no lineal. Asimismo, la reconsideración de la carrera constituye un hito adaptativo fundamental.