Valoración económica del uso recreativo del parque nacional Tingo María: sector cueva de Las Lechuzas, región Huánuco, año 2021
Fecha
2024
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Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
Las áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) poseen una gran diversidad biológica, paisajísticas y cultural. Por lo cual, son los principales destinos para el turismo de observación de especies, turismo de aventura, etc. Tal es el caso del Parque Nacional Tingo María (PNTM): Sector Cueva de las Lechuzas que, gracias a la gran variedad de especies y su belleza paisajística es uno de los destinos más visitados en región Huánuco. No obstante, el turismo gestionado de manera ineficiente ha ocasionado impactos negativos en esta ANP. Esta situación se agrava debido a la brecha financiera acentuada por la Pandemia COVID 19, que ha generado una mínima inversión en mejora de servicios, infraestructura turística y conservación. En este sentido, la falta de comprensión del valor de estos servicios y su conexión con el turismo sostenible impide que se considere como una fuente potencial de crecimiento económico y se prioriza otras actividades que generan altos ingresos a costa de un gran impacto ambiental.
Por esta razón, en el presente estudio, a través del método de Costo de Viaje (MCV) se buscó determinar el valor económico del uso recreativo del PNTM: Sector cueva de las Lechuzas. En base a 420 encuestas se estimó un modelo de regresión de Poisson para determinar la demanda por recreación. Asimismo, se buscó estimar la disposición a pagar por una mejora en las condiciones del servicio e infraestructura que ofrece este sitio recreativo utilizado el método de Valoración Contingente (MVC).
Los resultados hallados a través del MCV, indican que el número de visitas promedio al año es de 1.42 con un excedente del consumidor promedio de S/ 92.10. Así, utilizando el monto más conservador se halló un valor económico de S/ 7,801,606.20 con un sesgo de (+-) 8.01%. Para el caso del MVC se encontró que la DAP por persona de S/. 6.18, con lo cual se obtiene un valor adicional a pagar de S/ 523,100.76. Sumando este monto a los ingresos recaudados por el PNTM se obtiene un valor económico total de S/ 1,307,916.76.
Protected natural areas (ANP) have great biological, landscape and cultural diversity. Therefore, they are the main destinations for species observation tourism, adventure tourism and rural community tourism. Such is the case of the Tingo María National Park (PNTM): Cueva de las Lechuzas Sector which, thanks to the great variety of species and its scenic beauty, is one of the most visited destinations in the Huánuco region. However, inefficiently managed tourism generates negative impacts on the ANP, a situation that is aggravated by the financial gap accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which generates minimal investment in tourism infrastructure and the conservation of these resources. In this sense, the lack of understanding of the value of these services and their connection with tourism prevents them from being considered a potential source of economic growth and prioritizes other activities that generate high income at the cost of a large negative environmental impact. For this reason, in the present study, through the Travel Cost (MVC) method, we sought to determine the economic value of the recreational use of the PNTM: Cueva de las Lechuzas Sector. Based on 420 surveys, a Poisson regression model was estimated to estimate the demand for recreation. Likewise, we sought to estimate the willingness to pay for an improvement in the conditions of the service and infrastructure offered by this recreational site using the Contingent Valuation (MCV) method. The results found through the MCV indicate that the average number of visits per year is 1.42 with an average consumer surplus of S/ 92.10. Thus, using the most conservative amount, an economic value of S/ 7,801,606.20 was found with a bias of (+-) 8.01%. In the case of the MVC, it was found that the WTP per person was S/. 6.18, which results in an additional amount to pay of S/ 523,100.76. Adding this amount to the income collected by the PNTM, a total economic value of S/ 1,307,916.76 is obtained.
Protected natural areas (ANP) have great biological, landscape and cultural diversity. Therefore, they are the main destinations for species observation tourism, adventure tourism and rural community tourism. Such is the case of the Tingo María National Park (PNTM): Cueva de las Lechuzas Sector which, thanks to the great variety of species and its scenic beauty, is one of the most visited destinations in the Huánuco region. However, inefficiently managed tourism generates negative impacts on the ANP, a situation that is aggravated by the financial gap accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which generates minimal investment in tourism infrastructure and the conservation of these resources. In this sense, the lack of understanding of the value of these services and their connection with tourism prevents them from being considered a potential source of economic growth and prioritizes other activities that generate high income at the cost of a large negative environmental impact. For this reason, in the present study, through the Travel Cost (MVC) method, we sought to determine the economic value of the recreational use of the PNTM: Cueva de las Lechuzas Sector. Based on 420 surveys, a Poisson regression model was estimated to estimate the demand for recreation. Likewise, we sought to estimate the willingness to pay for an improvement in the conditions of the service and infrastructure offered by this recreational site using the Contingent Valuation (MCV) method. The results found through the MCV indicate that the average number of visits per year is 1.42 with an average consumer surplus of S/ 92.10. Thus, using the most conservative amount, an economic value of S/ 7,801,606.20 was found with a bias of (+-) 8.01%. In the case of the MVC, it was found that the WTP per person was S/. 6.18, which results in an additional amount to pay of S/ 523,100.76. Adding this amount to the income collected by the PNTM, a total economic value of S/ 1,307,916.76 is obtained.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Parques nacionales y reservas, Medio ambiente, Economía, Huánuco (Perú : Departamento)
Citación
Verde, L. (2024). Valoración económica del uso recreativo del parque nacional Tingo María: sector cueva de Las Lechuzas, región Huánuco, año 2021 [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12833/2713