Legalidad del procedimiento de compensación de oficio en el sistema tributario peruano: análisis jurisprudencial (2020 - 2025)
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Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
La investigación analizó la legalidad del procedimiento de compensación de oficio en el sistema tributario peruano entre los años 2020 y 2025, con énfasis en la interpretación jurisprudencial desarrollada por el Tribunal Constitucional y el Tribunal Fiscal. El objetivo fue identificar los criterios normativos y constitucionales que delimitan la aplicación de esta figura y su compatibilidad con los principios de legalidad, debido procedimiento y razonabilidad. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo–analítico, sustentado en la revisión documental de doctrina especializada, normativa vigente y un corpus de resoluciones seleccionadas mediante criterios de pertinencia y densidad argumentativa. Los resultados mostraron que, aunque la compensación de oficio constituye un mecanismo eficiente para extinguir obligaciones tributarias, su aplicación por parte de la administración tributaria presenta deficiencias recurrentes, tales como ausencia de verificación previa, motivación insuficiente y desconocimiento del derecho de defensa del contribuyente. Se concluyó que el fortalecimiento del marco normativo y jurisprudencial, así como la implementación de procedimientos uniformes y transparentes, son indispensables para garantizar que la compensación de oficio se configure como una institución legítima y conforme al Estado constitucional de derecho.
This research analyzed the legality of the ex officio tax offset procedure in the Peruvian tax system between 2020 and 2025, with emphasis on the jurisprudential interpretation developed by the Constitutional Court and the Tax Court. The objective was to identify the normative and constitutional criteria that delimit the application of this mechanism and its compatibility with the principles of legality, due process, and reasonableness. A qualitative, descriptive–analytical approach was adopted, based on documentary review of specialized doctrine, current regulations, and a corpus of rulings selected according to relevance and argumentative density. The results showed that, although ex officio offsetting constitutes an efficient mechanism to extinguish tax obligations, its application by the tax administration presents recurring deficiencies, such as lack of prior verification, insufficient reasoning, and disregard for the taxpayer’s right of defense. It was concluded that strengthening the normative and jurisprudential framework, as well as implementing uniform and transparent procedures, are essential to ensure that ex officio offsetting is configured as a legitimate institution consistent with the constitutional rule of law.
This research analyzed the legality of the ex officio tax offset procedure in the Peruvian tax system between 2020 and 2025, with emphasis on the jurisprudential interpretation developed by the Constitutional Court and the Tax Court. The objective was to identify the normative and constitutional criteria that delimit the application of this mechanism and its compatibility with the principles of legality, due process, and reasonableness. A qualitative, descriptive–analytical approach was adopted, based on documentary review of specialized doctrine, current regulations, and a corpus of rulings selected according to relevance and argumentative density. The results showed that, although ex officio offsetting constitutes an efficient mechanism to extinguish tax obligations, its application by the tax administration presents recurring deficiencies, such as lack of prior verification, insufficient reasoning, and disregard for the taxpayer’s right of defense. It was concluded that strengthening the normative and jurisprudential framework, as well as implementing uniform and transparent procedures, are essential to ensure that ex officio offsetting is configured as a legitimate institution consistent with the constitutional rule of law.
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Compensación de oficio, debido procedimiento, derecho tributario, legalidad, SUNAT, Tribunal Fiscal
Citación
Palomino, M. (2025). Legalidad del procedimiento de compensación de oficio en el sistema tributario peruano: análisis jurisprudencial (2020 - 2025) [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM.
