Clientelismo Relacional: El caso de la subgerencia de participación ciudadana del distrito Carmen de la Legua Reynoso (2023-2024)
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
La presente investigación busca comprender la dinámica del clientelismo político relacional en las actividades promovidas por la Subgerencia de Participación Ciudadana (SGPC) de la municipalidad Carmen de la Legua Reynoso durante el periodo 2023-2024. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se realizó un estudio de caso de base cualitativa. La aplicación de la metodología consistió en entrevistas semiestructuradas a 14 personas: tres coordinadores y dos promotores de SGPC, tres funcionarios municipales de CDLR, cinco líderes comunales y un párroco; además, se llevó a cabo un amplio análisis documental de documentos oficiales de la municipalidad que incluyen el Consolidado Trianual 2019-2021, el Informe de Rendición de Cuentas 2019-2022, la Memoria Anual 2022 y 2023, Informe de Actividades enero 2023- octubre 2023 y el Plan Operativo Institucional 2021-2024.
Como hallazgos de la investigación se señalan las características del clientelismo relacional y las causas que le dan origen en la ciudad de Carmen de la Legua-Reynoso. Las características del clientelismo relacional son: 1) presencia de promotores y coordinadores que actúan como brokers, gestionando la comunicación entre la municipalidad y la ciudadanía; 2) una relación patrón-cliente a través de la cual conviven un modelo vertical dependiente de intermediarios y otro modelo horizontal que permite la comunicación directa entre funcionarios y población general; 3) intercambios clientelares con énfasis en la provisión de bienes y servicios durante eventos comunitarios para fortalecer la lealtad política y 4) una máquina partidaria del movimiento regional Contigo Callao que se consolida a través del control territorial y la movilización de recursos. Por otro lado, se identifica que las causas del surgimiento de este clientelismo son: 1) la debilidad institucional que permite el incumplimiento de normas y favorece la primacía de favores políticos sobre la transparencia; 2) la situación económica del distrito hacia una economía de nivel medio que, ante la falta de recursos suficientes, fomenta el asistencialismo como estrategia de gestión municipal; 3) el legado político del movimiento regional Chimpum Callao, cuya influencia ha perpetuado el clientelismo relacional en nuevas organizaciones partidarias y 4) la población internaliza el intercambio de favores como forma legítima de relación con el poder, lo que asegura la estabilidad del patrón político y dificulta la ruptura.
This research seeks to understand the dynamics of relational political clientelism in the activities promoted by the Sub-Directorate of Citizen Participation (SGPC) of the Carmen de la Legua Reynoso municipality during the 2023-2024 period. For this research, a qualitative case study was conducted. The methodology consisted of semi-structured interviews with 14 people: three SGPC coordinators and two promoters, three municipal officials from CDLR, five community leaders, and a parish priest. In addition, an extensive documentary analysis of official municipal documents was conducted, including the 2019-2021 Triannual Consolidated Report, the 2019-2022 Accountability Report, the 2022 and 2023 Annual Report, the January 2023-October 2023 Activity Report, and the 2021-2024 Institutional Operating Plan. The research findings highlight the characteristics of relational clientelism and its root causes in the city of Carmen de la Legua-Reynoso. The characteristics of relational clientelism are: 1) the presence of promoters and coordinators who act as brokers, managing communication between the municipality and its citizens; 2) a patron-client relationship through which a vertical model dependent on intermediaries coexists with a horizontal model that allows direct communication between officials and the general population; 3) clientelist exchanges with an emphasis on the provision of goods and services during community events to strengthen political loyalty; and 4) a partisan machine of the regional movement Contigo Callao that consolidates through territorial control and resource mobilization. Furthermore, the causes of the emergence of this clientelism are identified as: 1) institutional weakness that allows non-compliance with regulations and favors the primacy of political favors over transparency; 2) the district's mid-level economic situation, which, given the lack of sufficient resources, encourages welfare as a municipal management strategy; 3) the political legacy of the regional Chimpum Callao movement, whose influence has perpetuated relational clientelism in new partisan organizations; and 4) the population internalizes the exchange of favors as a legitimate form of relationship with power, which ensures the stability of the political pattern and makes it difficult to break it.
This research seeks to understand the dynamics of relational political clientelism in the activities promoted by the Sub-Directorate of Citizen Participation (SGPC) of the Carmen de la Legua Reynoso municipality during the 2023-2024 period. For this research, a qualitative case study was conducted. The methodology consisted of semi-structured interviews with 14 people: three SGPC coordinators and two promoters, three municipal officials from CDLR, five community leaders, and a parish priest. In addition, an extensive documentary analysis of official municipal documents was conducted, including the 2019-2021 Triannual Consolidated Report, the 2019-2022 Accountability Report, the 2022 and 2023 Annual Report, the January 2023-October 2023 Activity Report, and the 2021-2024 Institutional Operating Plan. The research findings highlight the characteristics of relational clientelism and its root causes in the city of Carmen de la Legua-Reynoso. The characteristics of relational clientelism are: 1) the presence of promoters and coordinators who act as brokers, managing communication between the municipality and its citizens; 2) a patron-client relationship through which a vertical model dependent on intermediaries coexists with a horizontal model that allows direct communication between officials and the general population; 3) clientelist exchanges with an emphasis on the provision of goods and services during community events to strengthen political loyalty; and 4) a partisan machine of the regional movement Contigo Callao that consolidates through territorial control and resource mobilization. Furthermore, the causes of the emergence of this clientelism are identified as: 1) institutional weakness that allows non-compliance with regulations and favors the primacy of political favors over transparency; 2) the district's mid-level economic situation, which, given the lack of sufficient resources, encourages welfare as a municipal management strategy; 3) the political legacy of the regional Chimpum Callao movement, whose influence has perpetuated relational clientelism in new partisan organizations; and 4) the population internalizes the exchange of favors as a legitimate form of relationship with power, which ensures the stability of the political pattern and makes it difficult to break it.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Clientelismo, Participación ciudadana, Callao (Provincia Constitucional), Ciencia Política
Citación
Rios, M. (2025). Clientelismo Relacional: El caso de la subgerencia de participación ciudadana del distrito Carmen de la Legua Reynoso (2023-2024) [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12833/2817
