La superposición de derechos a favor de terceros en reservas de pueblos indígenas en situación de aislamiento y de contacto inicial (Piaci): aproximación jurídica centrada en la reserva territorial Madre de Dios
Fecha
2023
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Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación, titulado “La superposición de derechos a favor de terceros en Reservas de Pueblos Indígenas en Situación de Aislamiento y de Contacto Inicial (Piaci): Aproximación Jurídica Centrada en la Reserva Territorial Madre de Dios”, analiza la problemática vigente de superposición de derechos en áreas territoriales que tienen como propósito central salvaguardar la vida, la salud y la integridad de los Piaci en el Perú.
Por lo tanto, con el objetivo de determinar la existencia de una problemática jurídica, se ha investigado el proceso de categorización y la solicitud de ampliación de la Reserva Territorial Madre de Dios (RTMDD). Desde 2006, con la aprobación y publicación de la Ley N.º 28736 o Ley Piaci, se exige que las Reservas Territoriales creadas antes de la promulgación de dicha ley pasen por un proceso de recategorización y de estudios previos y adicionales, según corresponda.
Si bien el reconocimiento de espacios territoriales a favor de las poblaciones indígenas en nuestro país es importante para proteger jurídicamente el derecho a la propiedad colectiva y otros derechos conexos, ello no ha impedido que el Estado otorgue títulos habilitantes a favor de empresas forestales para actividades extractivas, bajo la justificación de “necesidad pública”, en territorios que se encuentran en proceso de recategorización o tienen, como es el caso, una solicitud de ampliación territorial.
A propósito de esta situación, se han analizado las herramientas vigentes, la normativa y la jurisprudencia proveniente del sistema universal y regional de protección de derechos humanos. De igual manera, la normativa nacional que se desprende del sistema jurídico peruano y que reconoce a los Piaci como sujetos de derecho. Además, se han realizado entrevistas a instituciones del Estado, organizaciones indígenas, comunidades nativas de la zona y especialistas involucrados en la problemática.
Finalmente, las conclusiones a las que hemos llegado son fruto del análisis jurídico de todo lo antes mencionado y se espera que este trabajo investigación sirva como un referente para que el Estado y contribuya a que se adopte medidas urgentes que permitan llegar a un consenso sobre esta problemática y se priorice la vida humana, la dignidad y la autodeterminación de los pueblos indígenas de nuestro país.
This dissertation, entitled “The Overlapping of Rights in Favor of Third Parties in Reserves of Indigenous Peoples in Isolation and Initial Contact (PIACI): A Legal Approach Focused on the Madre de Dios Territorial Reserve”, analyzes the problem of overlapping rights in territorial areas aimed at preserving the life, health and integrity of the Piaci in Peru. In order to identify any potential legal problems, the process of categorizing and requesting the expansion of the Madre de Dios Territorial Reserve (RTMDD) has been examined. Since 2006, after the passing and publishing of Law No. 28736 or PIACI Law, the Territorial Reserves created prior to the enactment of said law are required to undergo a process of recategorization as well as preliminary and additional studies, as appropriate. Although the recognition of territorial areas in favor of indigenous populations in Peru is crucial for the legal protection of the right to collective property as well as any other associated rights, this has not prevented the State from granting logging licenses to forestry companies, claiming that it is a matter of “public need”, thereby affecting territories that are in the process of recategorization or, as in this case, have requested an area extension. With regard to this situation, we have analyzed the existing tools, regulations and case law from the Universal and Regional Human Rights Protection System, as well as the national regulations that derive from the Peruvian legal system and recognize the PIACI as subjects of law. In addition, interviews have been conducted with governmental institutions, indigenous organizations, native communities in the area and specialists involved in the problem. Finally, the conclusions reached are the result of the legal analysis of all the above mentioned and this dissertation is expected to be a reference for the State to adopt urgent measures in order to reach a consensus on this problem and to prioritize the human life, dignity and self-determination of the indigenous peoples of Peru.
This dissertation, entitled “The Overlapping of Rights in Favor of Third Parties in Reserves of Indigenous Peoples in Isolation and Initial Contact (PIACI): A Legal Approach Focused on the Madre de Dios Territorial Reserve”, analyzes the problem of overlapping rights in territorial areas aimed at preserving the life, health and integrity of the Piaci in Peru. In order to identify any potential legal problems, the process of categorizing and requesting the expansion of the Madre de Dios Territorial Reserve (RTMDD) has been examined. Since 2006, after the passing and publishing of Law No. 28736 or PIACI Law, the Territorial Reserves created prior to the enactment of said law are required to undergo a process of recategorization as well as preliminary and additional studies, as appropriate. Although the recognition of territorial areas in favor of indigenous populations in Peru is crucial for the legal protection of the right to collective property as well as any other associated rights, this has not prevented the State from granting logging licenses to forestry companies, claiming that it is a matter of “public need”, thereby affecting territories that are in the process of recategorization or, as in this case, have requested an area extension. With regard to this situation, we have analyzed the existing tools, regulations and case law from the Universal and Regional Human Rights Protection System, as well as the national regulations that derive from the Peruvian legal system and recognize the PIACI as subjects of law. In addition, interviews have been conducted with governmental institutions, indigenous organizations, native communities in the area and specialists involved in the problem. Finally, the conclusions reached are the result of the legal analysis of all the above mentioned and this dissertation is expected to be a reference for the State to adopt urgent measures in order to reach a consensus on this problem and to prioritize the human life, dignity and self-determination of the indigenous peoples of Peru.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Población indígena, Derecho de autodeterminación, Reservas naturales, Protección ambiental, Derecho indígena, Madre de Dios (Perú : Departamento), Derecho
Citación
Labán, L. (2023). La superposición de derechos a favor de terceros en reservas de pueblos indígenas en situación de aislamiento y de contacto inicial (Piaci): aproximación jurídica centrada en la reserva territorial Madre de Dios [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12833/2487