Políticas lingüísticas sobre el uso del idioma materno para el acceso a la justicia ordinaria como manifestación del ejercicio ciudadano en el distrito de San Martín de Pangoa
Fecha
2015
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Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como propósito identificar y analizar los problemas que surgen en el proceso de implementación de políticas lingüísticas que garanticen el uso del idioma materno ante las autoridades encargadas del acceso a la justicia ordinaria, en el distrito de san Martín de Pangoa.
La metodología utilizada ha sido “estudio de caso”, y se realizó en el distrito antedicho. Propiamente se ha seguido el esquema propuesto por Pérez Serrano (1994) y Martínez Bonafé (1990). Fases generales, ampliamente aceptadas en este tipo de estudios: Fase pre-activa, fase inter-activa y la fase post-activa. En efecto, tanto el tipo como los objetivos de la investigación, suponían utilizar un diseño cíclico de desarrollo: selección del caso, análisis del mismo bajo la iluminación de las leyes, decretos, teorías y políticas públicas, para luego reflexionar críticamente su puesta en práctica, identificando la problemáticas que surgirá durante su implementación.
Se seleccionó como categorías de análisis: Políticas lingüísticas sobre el uso del idioma materno y el acceso a la justicia ordinaria como manifestación del ejercicio ciudadano. Los instrumentos utilizados para el acopio de datos, fueron: las notas de campo, las entrevistas y el análisis documentario. Para analizar la información, se utilizó la técnica de “triangulación de fuentes”, siguiendo los procesos de codificación, categorización e integración.
La investigación produjo resultados altamente significativos, relacionados con las deficiencias existentes en la implementación de políticas lingüísticas en las dependencias encargadas del acceso a la justicia ordinaria del distrito citado, tales como: la carencia de intérpretes acreditados en nomatiguenga, la falta de presupuesto para su formación y capacitación. Asimismo, que las autoridades de la zona no dominan el idioma local; por tanto, la ciudadanía que usa su idioma materno ante los Jueces de Paz, Juez de Paz Letrado y Comisario, según la mayoría de los informantes, no logran ser comprendidos, y a raíz de este inconveniente, se ven y sienten -de entrada- limitados en sus demás derechos, lo cual les causa un impacto negativo, al verse así excluidos del sistema de justicia ordinario.
Este estudio identificó, como hecho concreto, que las autoridades mencionadas, al no dominar el idioma de la zona; pero teniendo, sin embargo, plena consciencia de que deben garantizar la comunicación efectiva entre las partes -ciudadano y Estado- recurren, por iniciativa propia, a la ayuda de alguien que conoce el idioma para poder entender al ciudadano y buscar una solución al problema en cuestión. Por su lado, algunas veces, el ciudadano suele acompañarse de un “apoyo” (intérprete), para que haga posible la comunicación con su interlocutor.
En conclusión, las percepciones de los ciudadanos nomatsiguengas sobre el uso del idioma materno ante cualquier autoridad es: de desconfianza, de duda, de inconformidad,de desaliento, de cólera e incertidumbre frente a la endeble acogida que les brinda el Estado. Sin embargo, son laudables los esfuerzos que viene realizando el Poder Judicial, a nivel de normas y convenios interinstitucionales con el Ministerio de Cultura, con el fin de acoger y garantizar los derechos básicos de la población en situación de vulnerabilidad, como los no hispanohablantes.
This research aims to identify and analyze the problems that arise in the implementation process of language policies that will ensure the use of the mother tongue in front of authorities who give access to ordinary justice in the district of San Martin de Pangoa. The methodology used was the "study case", performed in the district previously mentioned. It has followed the outline proposed by Perez Serrano (1994) and Martinez Bonafé (1990), which general phases are widely accepted in this type of study: pre-active phase, inter-active phase and post-active phase. Indeed, both the type and the objectives of the research, supposed to use a cyclical design development: case selection, an analysis of it under the laws, decrees, theories and public policies, and then to think critically its implementation, identifying the problems that arise during this process. Were selected as categories of analysis: language policies on the use of the mother tongue and the access to ordinary justice as a manifestation of the exercise of citizenship. The instruments used for data collection were: field notes, interviews and documentary analysis. For data analysis was use the technique called " source’s triangulation", following the next processes: encoding, categorization and integration. The research produced highly significant results related to deficiencies in the implementation of language policies in the agencies responsible of the access to ordinary courts of justice in that district, such as the lack of accredited nomatiguenga interpreters, lack of budget for training. Furthermore, the authorities in the area have an inadequate command of the local language; therefore, citizens using their mother tongue in front of peace's judge, lawyer peace's judge and the commissioner, according to most informants, fail to be understood, and because of this drawback, look and feel -from the beginning- limited in their other rights; this causes a negative impact because they see themselves excluded from the ordinary justice system. This study identified as a specific fact that the authorities referred, even with insufficient knowledge of the local language, are aware of their duty to ensure effective communication between citizen and state, therefore, on its own initiative,seek help from someone who knows the local language in order to understand the citizen. On the other hand, sometimes the citizen is accompanied by a "support" (interpreter), who enables communication with the authorities. In conclusion, the perceptions of citizens nomatsiguengas on the use of mother tongue in front of any authority are of the perceptions are of distrust, doubt, dissatisfaction, discouragement, anger and uncertainty about the weak reception from the State. However, they are laudable efforts being made by the judiciary, at the level ofstandards and interagency agreements with the Ministry of Culture, in order to host and guarantee the basic rights of people in vulnerability situations, such as non-Spanish speakers.
This research aims to identify and analyze the problems that arise in the implementation process of language policies that will ensure the use of the mother tongue in front of authorities who give access to ordinary justice in the district of San Martin de Pangoa. The methodology used was the "study case", performed in the district previously mentioned. It has followed the outline proposed by Perez Serrano (1994) and Martinez Bonafé (1990), which general phases are widely accepted in this type of study: pre-active phase, inter-active phase and post-active phase. Indeed, both the type and the objectives of the research, supposed to use a cyclical design development: case selection, an analysis of it under the laws, decrees, theories and public policies, and then to think critically its implementation, identifying the problems that arise during this process. Were selected as categories of analysis: language policies on the use of the mother tongue and the access to ordinary justice as a manifestation of the exercise of citizenship. The instruments used for data collection were: field notes, interviews and documentary analysis. For data analysis was use the technique called " source’s triangulation", following the next processes: encoding, categorization and integration. The research produced highly significant results related to deficiencies in the implementation of language policies in the agencies responsible of the access to ordinary courts of justice in that district, such as the lack of accredited nomatiguenga interpreters, lack of budget for training. Furthermore, the authorities in the area have an inadequate command of the local language; therefore, citizens using their mother tongue in front of peace's judge, lawyer peace's judge and the commissioner, according to most informants, fail to be understood, and because of this drawback, look and feel -from the beginning- limited in their other rights; this causes a negative impact because they see themselves excluded from the ordinary justice system. This study identified as a specific fact that the authorities referred, even with insufficient knowledge of the local language, are aware of their duty to ensure effective communication between citizen and state, therefore, on its own initiative,seek help from someone who knows the local language in order to understand the citizen. On the other hand, sometimes the citizen is accompanied by a "support" (interpreter), who enables communication with the authorities. In conclusion, the perceptions of citizens nomatsiguengas on the use of mother tongue in front of any authority are of the perceptions are of distrust, doubt, dissatisfaction, discouragement, anger and uncertainty about the weak reception from the State. However, they are laudable efforts being made by the judiciary, at the level ofstandards and interagency agreements with the Ministry of Culture, in order to host and guarantee the basic rights of people in vulnerability situations, such as non-Spanish speakers.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Política lingüística, Identidad étnica, Identidad cultural, Lengua nomatsiguenga, Educación bilingüe, Pangoa, Junín (Perú : Distrito), Satipo, Junín (Perú : Provincia), Ciencia política
Citación
Mayta, C. (2015). Políticas lingüísticas sobre el uso del idioma materno para el acceso a la justicia ordinaria como manifestación del ejercicio ciudadano en el distrito de San Martín de Pangoa [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12833/10