El derecho de la huelga en el Perú : análisis jurídico - laboral
Fecha
2018
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
Las relaciones laborales han conllevado históricamente a conflictos colectivos, esta disputa entre trabajador y empleador, se concretiza en la huelga. El derecho ha intentado regular a través de normas tan atípica situación. Así, esta figura jurídica se reguló inicialmente como un delito, para luego estar dentro del ámbito contractual y configurarse finalmente como derecho. No obstante, pese a haber sido reconocido por la mayoría de constituciones en el mundo, sigue siendo el único derecho colectivo que no cuenta con un consenso respecto a su conceptualización, ni con un convenio, ni una recomendación de la OIT que lo regule internacionalmente de manera expresa.
En el Perú, la situación no es mejor, todo lo contrario, se mantiene un andamiaje jurídico que se ha conservado impermeable durante los últimos veinticinco años. Una legislación concebida en un contexto autoritario que en el ámbito de huelga no ha sido modificada en ningún aspecto. Las limitaciones y restricciones de esta norma a la acción huelguista se ven reflejadas en las actuales del MTPE, que nos indican que nos encontramos bajo los índices históricos más bajos en cuanto al ejercicio de este derecho. Así como también con un porcentaje de ilicitud de huelgas que se ha mantenido en todos estos años por encima del 90%. Por ello creemos necesario realizar un análisis jurídico – laboral sobre el derecho de huelga en el Perú. El cual nos permita determinar las limitaciones de tipo legal y económico - social.
El presente trabajo busca realizar ese análisis, el cual tendrá como resultado conclusiones que nos permitan entender la manera en cómo se regula el conflicto laboral en el Perú. De esta manera, nos proporcionará una caracterización actual contrastada con el desarrollo histórico de la normativa sobre esta materia en nuestro país, para determinar si se ha mantenido un patrón a lo largo de estos años. Asimismo, podremos contrastar nuestra legislación con otros marcos jurídicos y con los principios reguladores no vinculantes de la OIT, permitiéndonos precisar el lugar que ocupan nuestras normas dentro del contexto internacional.
The labor relations have historically led to collective conflicts, this dispute between worker and employer, is concretized in the strike. The law has tried to regulate through such atypical situation. Thus, this legal construct was initially regulated as a crime, to then be within the contractual scope and, finally configured as a right. However, despite having been recognized by the majority of constitutions in the world, it remains the only collective right that does not have a consensus regarding its conceptualization, nor with an convention, nor a recommendation of the ILO that regulates it internationally explicitly. In Peru, the situation is no much better, on the contrary, there is a legal framework that has remained impermeable over the last twenty-five years. Legislation conceived in an authoritarian context, that in the area of strike has not been modified in any aspect. The limitations and restrictions of this norm to the strikes are reflected in the numbers that the Ministry of Labor and Public Employment Promotion itself publishes. And it is that we are found ourselves in the lowest historical rates of the exercise of this right. As well as with a percentage of illegal strikes that has remained above 90% in all these years. For this reason, we believe it is necessary to carry out a (juridico-laboral) analysis on the right to strike in Peru. Which will allows us to determine the limitations of our legal framework in relation to the regular strike action. The present text seeks to do this analysis, which will has as an outcome conclusions that allow us to understand the way how labor conflict in Peru is regulated. This way, it will provide us with a current characterization contrasted with the historical development of the regulations on this matter in our country, to determine if a pattern has been maintained throughout these years. Likewise, we can compare our legislation with other legal frameworks and with the non-binding regulatory principles of the ILO, allowing us to specify the place that our standards occupy in the international context.
The labor relations have historically led to collective conflicts, this dispute between worker and employer, is concretized in the strike. The law has tried to regulate through such atypical situation. Thus, this legal construct was initially regulated as a crime, to then be within the contractual scope and, finally configured as a right. However, despite having been recognized by the majority of constitutions in the world, it remains the only collective right that does not have a consensus regarding its conceptualization, nor with an convention, nor a recommendation of the ILO that regulates it internationally explicitly. In Peru, the situation is no much better, on the contrary, there is a legal framework that has remained impermeable over the last twenty-five years. Legislation conceived in an authoritarian context, that in the area of strike has not been modified in any aspect. The limitations and restrictions of this norm to the strikes are reflected in the numbers that the Ministry of Labor and Public Employment Promotion itself publishes. And it is that we are found ourselves in the lowest historical rates of the exercise of this right. As well as with a percentage of illegal strikes that has remained above 90% in all these years. For this reason, we believe it is necessary to carry out a (juridico-laboral) analysis on the right to strike in Peru. Which will allows us to determine the limitations of our legal framework in relation to the regular strike action. The present text seeks to do this analysis, which will has as an outcome conclusions that allow us to understand the way how labor conflict in Peru is regulated. This way, it will provide us with a current characterization contrasted with the historical development of the regulations on this matter in our country, to determine if a pattern has been maintained throughout these years. Likewise, we can compare our legislation with other legal frameworks and with the non-binding regulatory principles of the ILO, allowing us to specify the place that our standards occupy in the international context.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Huelgas, Derecho laboral, Análisis jurídico, Perú, Derecho
Citación
Rodríguez, F. (2018). El derecho de la huelga en el Perú : análisis jurídico - laboral [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12833/1916