El enfoque histórico en la filosofía de Nietzsche, antecedentes de la Genealogía de la moral
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2019
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Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
Esta tesis rastrea los conceptos y recursos históricos de la obra temprana e intermedia de Friedrich Nietzsche, que habrían trascendido en la concepción de La genealogía de la moral (1887). En primer lugar, aborda la crítica que Nietzsche despliega en la segunda Consideración intempestiva contra el crecimiento desmedido e indiscriminado del deseo de conocimiento y, especialmente, contra la pretensión de hacer de la historia una ciencia. La tendencia a “historiar” todo lo acontecido, sin discriminar lo valioso, había traído como consecuencia que los hombres de su época sufrieran de una seria “enfermedad histórica”, que los convertía en “incapacitados para la vida” y, en consecuencia, impedidos de poseer el fundamento de una cultura. En segundo lugar, presenta los tres aspectos fundamentales en la configuración de la crisis intelectual que Nietzsche atravesó a mediados de 1870, la cual desencadenó la ruptura decisiva con Schopenhauer y Wagner: la influencia del historiador Jacob Burckhardt; el Renacimiento italiano como modelo de florecimiento cultural y cuna de los poetas-filólogos ─modelo de los “espíritus libres” ─; y las discrepancias de Nietzsche con la filología moderna. En tercer lugar, se enfoca en la filosofía histórica, el nuevo método filosófico que Nietzsche introduce en Humano, demasiado humano (1878), el cual reconoce el rol preponderante de la ciencia y de la historia en la búsqueda del conocimiento y en el desarrollo de una cultura superior. Veremos cómo Nietzsche se sirve del filosofar histórico para esbozar su historia de los sentimientos morales, es decir, para llevar a cabo el ejercicio genealógico preliminar de tratar a la moral como una manifestación cultural y una formación histórica del mundo humano.
This thesis traces the historical concepts and resources in Friedrich Nietzsche's early and intermediate work that would have transcended in the conception of On the Genealogy of Morality (1887). In the first place, it addresses Nietzsche's critique in the second Untimely Meditation against the excessive and indiscriminate growth of the desire for knowledge and, especially, against the pretension to make history a science. The tendency to "historicize" everything that happened, without discriminating what was valuable, had resulted in men of his time suffering from a serious "historical illness", which made them "incapacitated for life" and, consequently, unable to possess the foundation of a culture. Secondly, it presents the three fundamental aspects in the configuration of the intellectual crisis that Nietzsche underwent in the mid-1870s, which unleashed the decisive break with Schopenhauer and Wagner: the influence of historian Jacob Burckhardt; the Italian Renaissance as a model of cultural flowering and cradle of the poet-philologists ─models of the "free spirits"─; and Nietzsche's discrepancies with modern philology. Thirdly, it focuses on historical philosophy, the new philosophical method that Nietzsche introduces in Human, All Too Human (1878), which recognizes the preponderant role of science and history in the quest for knowledge and in the development of a higher culture. In this book, Nietzsche uses historical philosophizing to outline his history of moral feelings, that is, to carry out the preliminary genealogical exercise of treating morality as a cultural manifestation and historical formation of the human world.
This thesis traces the historical concepts and resources in Friedrich Nietzsche's early and intermediate work that would have transcended in the conception of On the Genealogy of Morality (1887). In the first place, it addresses Nietzsche's critique in the second Untimely Meditation against the excessive and indiscriminate growth of the desire for knowledge and, especially, against the pretension to make history a science. The tendency to "historicize" everything that happened, without discriminating what was valuable, had resulted in men of his time suffering from a serious "historical illness", which made them "incapacitated for life" and, consequently, unable to possess the foundation of a culture. Secondly, it presents the three fundamental aspects in the configuration of the intellectual crisis that Nietzsche underwent in the mid-1870s, which unleashed the decisive break with Schopenhauer and Wagner: the influence of historian Jacob Burckhardt; the Italian Renaissance as a model of cultural flowering and cradle of the poet-philologists ─models of the "free spirits"─; and Nietzsche's discrepancies with modern philology. Thirdly, it focuses on historical philosophy, the new philosophical method that Nietzsche introduces in Human, All Too Human (1878), which recognizes the preponderant role of science and history in the quest for knowledge and in the development of a higher culture. In this book, Nietzsche uses historical philosophizing to outline his history of moral feelings, that is, to carry out the preliminary genealogical exercise of treating morality as a cultural manifestation and historical formation of the human world.
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Palabras clave
Nietzsche, Friedrich, -- 1844-1900 -- Genealogía de la moral, Burckhardt, Jacob, Historia de la filosofía, Filología, Moralidad, Crítica e interpretación, Filosofía
Citación
Goya, E. (2019). El enfoque histórico en la filosofía de Nietzsche, antecedentes de la Genealogía de la moral [Tesis de maestría, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12833/1998