Afrontamiento del proceso de reinserción en la sociedad por exreclusas del penal Santa Mónica en Chorrillos
Fecha
2018
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
El incremento de la delincuencia femenina ha atraído atención hacia estas
mujeres y su situación carcelaria, pero se han encontrado pocos estudios – sobre todo en
el ámbito local -- acerca de lo que ocurre a estas mujeres al salir de la prisión y cómo
enfrentan el proceso de reinserción en la sociedad. Este es el momento en que las
personas que han delinquido necesitan más apoyo para hacer frente a una multitud de
problemas, muchos de ellos pre-existentes pero agravados por el tiempo de condena y el
estigma del encarcelamiento, que restringen su horizonte de posibilidades de
reintegración a la sociedad.
El manejo de este proceso de reinserción se da de diferentes formas, en función
de la personalidad de la ex interna, de sus vivencias tempranas, su experiencia
carcelaria, su entorno, su situación y las estrategias de afrontamiento que utiliza para
restaurar los vínculos con familiares y amigos, encontrar trabajo e integrarse a la
comunidad. En ese trayecto, el acompañamiento es vital para reforzar la autoestima de
la ex interna, ayudarla a sentirse segura, responder a sus preguntas y restañar sus
heridas. Como dijo una reclusa al salir en libertad: “Voy a necesitar a alguien en mi
rincón,” en alusión al boxeador que sale a combatir en el cuadrilátero (citada por
Severance, 2004) en el título de su trabajo,
El presente estudio recoge las experiencias de ocho ex internas del penal de
Santa Mónica en su tránsito de la cárcel a la libertad. Teniendo como foco de interés el
mundo subjetivo de cada una de estas mujeres, se exploran las maneras en que ellas
reestructuran su imagen para explicar su historia y las estrategias que utilizan para hacer
frente a su entorno, lograr condiciones de vida satisfactorias e intentar vivir vidas
“normales” en la comunidad.
Para esta investigación de carácter cualitativo fueron reclutadas ocho ex
internas del penal de Santa Mónica en Chorrillos (Perú) con el objeto de recoger
información sobre sus vivencias, percepciones, relaciones y objetivos; se descubrió que
cada ex interna transita una trayectoria particular, de acuerdo con sus características
personales y las oportunidades disponibles en su entorno, siendo el apoyo familiar el
principal factor que facilita la reinserción.
The increase in female delinquency has attracted attention to these women and their incarceration, but few studies have been found – especially in the local environment – about what happens to these women once they leave prison and how they cope with the process of reentry into society. The ways in which each ex woman prisoner deals with the reintegration process differ, depending on her personality, early experiences, incarceration, environment, situation and the coping strategies used by her to restore her relations with family and friends, find employment and become part of the community. Along this road, accompaniment is vital to reinforce her self-esteem, give her assurance, answer questions and tend to her wounds. As one former inmate said on leaving prison: “It’s going to take somebody in my corner” (quoted by Severance, 2004, in the title of her article). This study aims to describe the experiences of eight female ex prisoners during their reentry process, based on their own stories. Focusing on the subjective world of each of these women, it explores the ways in which these women restructure their self-image to explain their lives, and the strategies they use to cope with their environment, attain satisfactory living conditions and try to lead “normal” lives in their communities. The eight former female inmates from Santa Monica prison in Chorrillos (Peru) recruited for this investigation answered questions about their adaptation to the community after serving sentences that ranged from one to twelve years. The aim was to gather information about their experiences, how they perceive themselves and their environment, their relationships and motivations, as they tread their difficult pathways bearing the harsh consequences of their actions. The results show that each former prisoner treads a unique pathway determined by her history, personality, individual skills, circumstances, and the opportunities offered by her environment, but the key factor that facilitates reentry is family support.
The increase in female delinquency has attracted attention to these women and their incarceration, but few studies have been found – especially in the local environment – about what happens to these women once they leave prison and how they cope with the process of reentry into society. The ways in which each ex woman prisoner deals with the reintegration process differ, depending on her personality, early experiences, incarceration, environment, situation and the coping strategies used by her to restore her relations with family and friends, find employment and become part of the community. Along this road, accompaniment is vital to reinforce her self-esteem, give her assurance, answer questions and tend to her wounds. As one former inmate said on leaving prison: “It’s going to take somebody in my corner” (quoted by Severance, 2004, in the title of her article). This study aims to describe the experiences of eight female ex prisoners during their reentry process, based on their own stories. Focusing on the subjective world of each of these women, it explores the ways in which these women restructure their self-image to explain their lives, and the strategies they use to cope with their environment, attain satisfactory living conditions and try to lead “normal” lives in their communities. The eight former female inmates from Santa Monica prison in Chorrillos (Peru) recruited for this investigation answered questions about their adaptation to the community after serving sentences that ranged from one to twelve years. The aim was to gather information about their experiences, how they perceive themselves and their environment, their relationships and motivations, as they tread their difficult pathways bearing the harsh consequences of their actions. The results show that each former prisoner treads a unique pathway determined by her history, personality, individual skills, circumstances, and the opportunities offered by her environment, but the key factor that facilitates reentry is family support.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Delincuencia, Mujeres, Integración social, Prisiones, Discriminación, Perú, Psicología
Citación
Voto Bernales, M. (2018). Afrontamiento del proceso de reinserción en la sociedad por exreclusas del penal Santa Mónica en Chorrillos [Tesis de maestría, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12833/1952