Afrontamiento del proceso de reinserción en la sociedad por exreclusas del penal Santa Mónica en Chorrillos
Fecha
2018
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya
Resumen
El incremento de la delincuencia femenina ha atraído atención hacia estas mujeres y su situación carcelaria, pero se han encontrado pocos estudios —sobre todo en el ámbito local— acerca de lo que ocurre a estas mujeres al salir de la prisión y cómo enfrentan el proceso de reinserción en la sociedad. Este es el momento en que las personas que han delinquido necesitan más apoyo para hacer frente a una multitud de problemas, muchos de ellos preexistentes pero agravados por el tiempo de condena y el estigma del encarcelamiento, que restringen su horizonte de posibilidades de reintegración a la sociedad. El manejo de este proceso de reinserción se da de diferentes formas, en función de la personalidad de la ex interna, de sus vivencias tempranas, su experiencia carcelaria, su entorno, su situación y las estrategias de afrontamiento que utiliza para restaurar los vínculos con familiares y amigos, encontrar trabajo e integrarse a la comunidad. En ese trayecto, el acompañamiento es vital para reforzar la autoestima de la ex interna, ayudarla a sentirse segura, responder a sus preguntas y restañar sus heridas. Como dijo una reclusa al salir en libertad: “Voy a necesitar a alguien en mi rincón”, en alusión al boxeador que sale a combatir en el cuadrilátero (citada por Severance, 2004 en el título de su trabajo). El presente estudio recoge las experiencias de ocho ex internas del penal de Santa Mónica en su tránsito de la cárcel a la libertad. Teniendo como foco de interés el mundo subjetivo de cada una de estas mujeres, se exploran las maneras en que ellas reestructuran su imagen para explicar su historia y las estrategias que utilizan para hacer frente a su entorno, lograr condiciones de vida satisfactorias e intentar vivir vidas “normales” en la comunidad. Para esta investigación de carácter cualitativo fueron reclutadas ocho ex internas del penal de Santa Mónica en Chorrillos (Perú), con el objeto de recoger información sobre sus vivencias, percepciones, relaciones y objetivos. Se descubrió que cada ex interna transita una trayectoria particular, de acuerdo con sus características personales y las oportunidades disponibles en su entorno, siendo el apoyo familiar el principal factor que facilita la reinserción.
The increase in female delinquency has attracted attention to these women and their incarceration, but few studies —especially at the local level— have examined what happens to these women once they leave prison and how they cope with the process of reentry into society. The ways in which each former woman prisoner manages the reintegration process differ, depending on her personality, early experiences, incarceration, environment, situation, and the coping strategies she uses to restore her relationships with family and friends, find employment, and become part of the community. Along this path, accompaniment is vital to reinforce her self-esteem, help her feel secure, answer her questions, and heal her wounds. As one former inmate said upon leaving prison: “It’s going to take somebody in my corner” (quoted by Severance, 2004, in the title of her article). This study describes the experiences of eight former female inmates during their reentry process, based on their own stories. Focusing on the subjective world of each of these women, it explores how they restructure their self-image to explain their lives and the strategies they use to cope with their environment, achieve satisfactory living conditions, and try to lead “normal” lives in the community. Eight former inmates from Santa Monica prison in Chorrillos (Peru) were recruited for this qualitative study, with the aim of gathering information about their experiences, self-perceptions, relationships, and goals. The results show that each former prisoner follows a unique path shaped by her personal characteristics and the opportunities available in her environment, with family support emerging as the key factor facilitating reintegration.
The increase in female delinquency has attracted attention to these women and their incarceration, but few studies —especially at the local level— have examined what happens to these women once they leave prison and how they cope with the process of reentry into society. The ways in which each former woman prisoner manages the reintegration process differ, depending on her personality, early experiences, incarceration, environment, situation, and the coping strategies she uses to restore her relationships with family and friends, find employment, and become part of the community. Along this path, accompaniment is vital to reinforce her self-esteem, help her feel secure, answer her questions, and heal her wounds. As one former inmate said upon leaving prison: “It’s going to take somebody in my corner” (quoted by Severance, 2004, in the title of her article). This study describes the experiences of eight former female inmates during their reentry process, based on their own stories. Focusing on the subjective world of each of these women, it explores how they restructure their self-image to explain their lives and the strategies they use to cope with their environment, achieve satisfactory living conditions, and try to lead “normal” lives in the community. Eight former inmates from Santa Monica prison in Chorrillos (Peru) were recruited for this qualitative study, with the aim of gathering information about their experiences, self-perceptions, relationships, and goals. The results show that each former prisoner follows a unique path shaped by her personal characteristics and the opportunities available in her environment, with family support emerging as the key factor facilitating reintegration.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Delincuencia, Mujeres, Integración social, Prisiones, Discriminación, Perú, Psicología
Citación
Voto Bernales, M. (2018). Afrontamiento del proceso de reinserción en la sociedad por exreclusas del penal Santa Mónica en Chorrillos [Tesis de maestría, Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya]. Repositorio Institucional UARM. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12833/1952